Click4Biology: 7.4 Translation

 

Translation

7.4.1 Activation tRNA.

7.4.2 Ribosome structure.

7.4.3 Stages of translation.

7.4.4 Translation direction.

7.4.5 Peptide bonds between amino acids.

7.4.6 Translation process.

7.4.7 Free and membrane bound ribosomes.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7.4.1 Activation tRNA.

a) Amino acid which is specific to each tRNA.

(b) CCA base sequence to which the amino acid is attached by the 'Activating Enzyme'.

(c) Complementary base pairing sequence. Helical in shape.

(d) 8 free bases non-pairing giving one loop of RNA.

(e) 7 free bases non-pairing giving second loop of RNA.

(f) Small open loop of RNA which is variable in shape between different tRNA.

(g) Anti-codon (3 bases) which binds to the mRNA codon (3 bases) this is specific to the amino acids being carried. The anti-codon is complementary to the sense DNA.

 

Activation specificity:how does the tRNA attach to the correct amino acid.

top

7.4.2 Ribosome structure.

 

 

Ribosome Function:

top

7.4.3 Stages of translation.

There are three stages in translation ( just as in transcription)

Initiation:

Elongation:

Termination:

top

 

7.4.4 Translation direction.

 

top

 

7.4.5 Peptide bonds between amino acids.

 

top

 

7.4.6 Translation process.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Both units of the ribosome are now located over the second and third codons

 

 

 

 

 

top

7.4.7 Free and membrane bound ribosomes

Free ribosomes:

 

 

top